Danger in Farmhouses from Polluted Water.  -- Of course, the same conclusion holds good for country farmhouses or dwellings when, from motives of convenience, although there is space enough and to spare, but a short distance is interposed between the sides of the hole which is called the well, and which furnishes the drinking water, and the other hole nearby which is called the cesspit, and used as a receptacle for filthy, often poisonous, excrement.  Moreover, there are no doubt many instances where, owing to the inclination of beds of sand or gravel, strata of rock and so forth, impurities of these and other dangerous varieties may be carried, by underground currents, much further than the distances which have been mentioned as measured upon the surface of the earth area in other words, a cesspool on a hillside, 500 feet or more away from a well, may infect the water of the latter, if underground currents favor such contamination.

We have previously talked about the potential for typhoid and other contagions that can be carried by livestock and transmitted to humans.  Shielding the water supply both of people from animals and animals from people was known 100 years ago, but not always well documented unlike the dangers of mesothelioma or many other deadly situations that people could create themselves.

Additional Articles from the Book of Medicine:

• Water in All Substances
  
  

  Water in All Substances.—Water was considered by the ancient philosophers as one of the four elements out of which all visible objects were constructed ; and, in reality, it enters to a greater or less extent into the composition of nearly all natural substances. Thus, for example, some vegetables, like cabbage or celery, contain as much as ninety-five per cent. of water ; and, on the other hand, close-grained marble may contain as much as four per cent. of water, or almost a quart to the cubic yard. On account of its remarkable solvent powers, which enable it to take up a smaller or larger quantity of nearly every substance with which it comes in contact, water is never found pure in a natural state; and, indeed, absolutely pure water for chemical purposes can only be obtained by repeated careful distillations.

  Its hard to imagine that for your every day person, the concept that liquids were often comprised of water as opposed to be a completely different substance all together was relatively new.  People may have suspected, but many scientists had not confirmed (or reconfirmed) this fact and they were just beginning to put together the concept of atoms and how they might form together.  So for some people this apparently obvious paragraph today might have been as foreign if not more to them as a digital cameras function might have been 50 or 100 years ago.

• Bones of the Trunk and Arms. Different Forms of Bones
  
  

  On turning over this flap we are brought face to face with a grim looking but useful object — the framework of the trunk and arms.  The skeleton is of a ghastly appearance and emblematic of death; it’s unsightly look sends a thrill of poor through us, and we instinctively recoil from it.  Yet at some serves a useful purpose in the human body, and the ugly looking bones, when carefully examined, abound in nice contrivances and ingenious workmanship; whilst each individual bonus design for the a special duty it has to perform.  Hence the bones different forms; some are long, as in the arms and legs; some are short and thick, giving strength and compactness, as in the lumbar portion of the spine; some are flat, for covering a cavity, as the school and pelvis, and others used for special purpose or irregular, is in the hands and feet.

  just when I thought the book was getting a slightly bit dull, this little section popped out at me as we start to read into some of the peculiar notions the author had regarding the skeletal system.  Various phrases such as “thrill of poor” and “ghastly appearance and emblematic of death” rapidly depart from the tone you would expect from a medical journal or book.  The author goes halfway through the paragraph before they start to get down to the actual topic at hand and shy away from their romantic notions about how scary a skeleton looks.

  It makes me wonder just how much or how little your average person back in the early 1900s may have been exposed to views that included pictures of the skeleton.  Back then there was no TV nor cartoons even to introduce children to the funny side of skeletons, there was no Halloween where children dressed up like skeletons.  The skull and cross bones probably had a much more sinister visual impact on people and to see a skeleton in real life or even in a picture may have been more dramatic.  It definitely seems peculiar here.

• The Ribs
  
  

  The Ribs.– the ribs are twenty-four in number, arranged in pairs, well moneyed set in the chest.  At the back they are fastened to the spine, confront the seven upper pairs are tied by cartilages to the breast bone, three are fastened to each other in the cartilage above, and two, the floating ribs, are loose.  The long, slender ribs give lightness; their arched form confers strength, and the cartilages and parts of elasticity; thus the three most essential prerequisites of the chest for the protection of the delicate organs contained within this cavity are secured, whilst the freest motion in respiration is ensured.

  This section starts to get back to some of the vocabulary that is less known today.  Words such as “whilst” and “freest” sound like something out of a bad movie about pilgrims.  In general several other sentences in this section have what I would refer to as emotional connotations that are descriptive but are not necessarily accurate and definitely do not have the cold medical sound that you would expect in a text today.  In other words it doesn’t sound very scientific.