Sea-Water.-Sea-water varies considerably in composition, being, of course, more concentrated, as a rule, in the tropical regions, where evaporation is most active, such, for example, as in the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean near the equator. According to analysis, the water in the English Channel contains in 1000 parts‑

Chloride of Sodium 28.05

Chloride of Magnesium.......................... 3.66

Sulphate of Magnesia 2.29

Sulphate of Lime .................................. 1.40

Other Saline Materials ............................. .76

Total Solid Matter.......................... 36. 16

Besides these, and perhaps contributing largely to the healthful qualities of sea-water, there exist in the ocean small quantities of iodine and bromide, and extremely minute amounts of some of the common metals. It has been found that, by dissolving a little common salt and carbonate of soda, lime and magnesia in distilled sea-water, its taste is rendered much more agreeable; and this plan, it is said, is adopted in the Russian navy.

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As in the last section where they talk about distilling sea water for drinking on ships, this talks about some of the other materials that can be extracted during the distillation process.  With the exception of salt extraction some of these other materials don't seem terribly practical.  Times do change however, and if water is extracted every bit of material that comes with it has to go somewhere whether it can be sold in bulk for mass production of vitamins or horse supplements or what ever.  :)

Additional Articles from the Book of Medicine:

• Diseases Caused by Alkaline Waters
  
  

  Diseases Caused by Alkaline Waters. — the symptoms referral to an excess of alkalinity, rising from the presence of these earthy salts in a drinking water, and mainly those of a dyspeptic nature. At first the employment of hard water by persons who are unaccustomed to it produces diarrhea. Which is occasionally serious or even dangerous in its character. But the long continued use of such a drinking fluid is thought to cause habitual constipation, with the heavy training of evils, including piles and liver complaint, which depend upon it. Calculus, or stone in the kidney or in the bladder, which gives rise sometimes to the most horrible agony human beings are ever called upon to endure, is believed to be due, in many instances, to an excess of lime and magnesia salts in the drinking water.

  This section is definitely interesting. And as I read this section, I distinctly heavy memory of watching an old Clint Eastwood movie. Clint Eastwood’s trek across the desert somewhere in the southwest of the United States, and of course the bad guys are chasing him. Clint Eastwood is smart enough to recognize that the water in one pool that he comes to has an alkalinity level far too high to drink. He has a sidekick, who initially attempt to drink the water but Clint Eastwood stops him knowing better. Then the bad guys come by sometime later and drink the water and one of them croak’s. This particular section highlights the fact that you may not die instantly from drinking this water but it can definitely make you very ill in the short-term afterwords, or very ill in a chronic way if you consume this type of water over a long period of time. Plus I’m sure that there is some water that is poisonous right from go. 

  This section also reminds me of a water purification straw that was handed out at a trade show that I attended a few years back. The water purification straw was handed out like personalized pens are handed out at most trade shows, but this was a bit of a outdoorsman tradeshow focusing on hunting tools and guns and stuff like that. I’m under the impression that water purification straw’s or tablets even only work to essentially remove microbes are things that might trigger Montezuma’s revenge, but now I have to wonder if maybe they had the ability to cancel out our alkalinity and balance the pH a bit.

• The Veins
  
  

  The Veins.–The venal arteries are derived direct from the aorta; and the large veins terminate in the ascending large vein. On the right kidney is seeing the super-renal capsule; whilst the left is cut vertically into showing the uriniferous tubes, much convoluted and inosculating with each other.  The ureter is seen arising from the pelvis of the kidney, descending in an oblique manner to the bladder.  These wonderful little organs appear to act as filters, and thus assist to keep the vital stream of life and as pure and as healthy a condition as possible.

  The Bladder.–The bladder is a thin, membranous bag, which serves as he receiver of the year and secreted by the kidneys, and which remains there until voided by your nation through the urethra.

  Bone Sections.– the sections of the bones show their cancellated appearance, which combines lightness with strength.

   

  As I was putting together the section and transcribing it from the book, the translation software had quit the difficulty with several of the words in this section.  Uriniferous actually stood out as eight extra troubling word.

• The Knee-Pan
  
  

  The Knee-Pan.-The patella toward me pan is seen held firmly in position, giving greater strength and security to this important joint.  Around the ankle is observe the annular ligament, finding the long silvery thongs or tendons of the muscles of the legs, thus preventing their displacement.  It also towards security and string to the ankle joint, but not interfering with its elasticity in motion.  The foot shows us the natural position in shape in which the toes should be when encased in a boot or shoe.

  This section relatively speaking does a decent job of sticking to the facts and avoids excessive and irrelevant language like I avoid beer pong tables.