The Stomach. -- the stomach is an irregular expansion of the gullit or aesophagus, and is the receptacle which receives the food when swallowed. Its shape has been, not inaptly, likened to the Scotch bagpipe. It will hold about 3 pints, though it is capable of considerable distension. When moderately filled with food it measures about 12 inches in length by 4 inches in diameter at its widest end. The walls of the stomach consist of four distinct coats, held together by fine areolar tissue, and are arranged in the following order, from within out word: the mucous, the areolar, the muscular and the serous. The inner mucous coat is a smooth, soft, rather thick, pulpy membrane, loosely connected with the muscular coat, and secretes the gastric digestive fluid of the stomach.
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The spelling in the section definitely gave me a few runaround's. The spelling of areolar and mucous and a esophagus oral spells slightly differently than they are today most of the time. Either that or my medical contexts is extremely off base which is also possible, but I do think esophagus had a more antique like spelling as the 'a' and the 'e' were actually run together in the print as if they were one letter. I've seen this printing technique before but I don't exactly understand where or why it's used other than for words like esophagus and even Egypt, it's almost to signify that a hard he will follow at the beginning a word that starts with the as opposed to an egg which is not pronounced 'eeegg' and instead 'ehhgg'.
It's not a real big thing, but it's something that struck me as I was going through that section. I'm sure somewhere in the world that spelling is perfectly normal. New thing that caught my eye was the analogy of a Scottish bagpipe being similar to a stomach. I'm not going to look it up as it's a fact that I don't really want to know I'd rather live with the mystery of it, but I suspect the bagpipes are made or lease were made from sheep stomachs or something like that anyway. I could be completely wrong but like I said in this particular case it likely that mystery out there to savor for the rest of my days. It almost picture myself taken a cross-country trip someday on a motorcycle, getting off my bike at the end of a long day of writing and walking into a café to order some food sitting down at the counter and removing my motorcycle sunglasses.
I'll engage in some benign conversation with a local and will start stock about Scottish bagpipes. My dinner guest to be the expert in Scottish bagpipes and I won't know anything about them. At that point in time I can finally end the mystery and I'll ask my dinner guest if Scottish bagpipes are actually made from sheep stomach's. I'll probably get a ludicrous look, maybe a guffaw, and possibly a black eye. That's the type of thing makes life fun!
Additional Articles from the Book of Medicine:
- How Lead Poisons Water
How Lead Poisons Water. — when pure water recently boiled is placed in, or run over, lead, no action takes place; but if the water, after being boiled, is exposed for a short time to the air, from which it absorbs oxygen and carbonic acid, and is then brought in contact with lead, we soon find a whitish film, which on chemical examination is found to be composed of a carbonate of lead, is formed upon the metallic surface. This whitish film, which easily separates from the lead on which it appears and becomes mechanically mixed with water, is very poisonous. Since as already mentioned, Rainwater contains usually some nitric acid, in addition to the oxygen and carbonic acid which it absorbs from the air, and this nitric acid
combines with lead to form a very soluble in poisonous nitrate of lead, it is much more dangerous than even purer. Water, after standing for a short time in contact with a leaden surface. Rainwater intended for drinking or cooking purposes ought, therefore, never to be collected from lead or tin roofs, transmitted through lead pipes, nor under any circumstances stored in lead lined cisterns of any kind.Years back poisoning from lead was possible from industrial run off, from pain, and from many many sources. Today, we have exposure to other chemicals but lead poisoning exposure has dropped somewhat as we use lead free gas, lead free paint and as we endeavor even to go fiber optic with HDMI cables and other silicon based conductors.
- The Veins
The Veins.–The venal arteries are derived direct from the aorta; and the large veins terminate in the ascending large vein. On the right kidney is seeing the super-renal capsule; whilst the left is cut vertically into showing the uriniferous tubes, much convoluted and inosculating with each other. The ureter is seen arising from the pelvis of the kidney, descending in an oblique manner to the bladder. These wonderful little organs appear to act as filters, and thus assist to keep the vital stream of life and as pure and as healthy a condition as possible.
The Bladder.–The bladder is a thin, membranous bag, which serves as he receiver of the year and secreted by the kidneys, and which remains there until voided by your nation through the urethra.
Bone Sections.– the sections of the bones show their cancellated appearance, which combines lightness with strength.
As I was putting together the section and transcribing it from the book, the translation software had quit the difficulty with several of the words in this section. Uriniferous actually stood out as eight extra troubling word.
- Transformation of Food Into Flesh
Transformation of Food Into Flesh.– How strange this is — the transformation of food into human flesh, into human thoughts! We eat a meal; it is composed of meat, bread, vegetables and liquids. The more solid part is ground by the teeth, mixed with the different juices, dissolved, changed, organize and is swept through the body and the circulation of the blood. Each organ sees as its own particular food as it passes. Within the cells of the various tissues it is transformed into the soft, sensitive brain, or the hard, callous bone; here into the nerve of sight, there into gristle or tendon; here briny tears are formed, they are bland saliva; in the stomach, acid juice; in the skin, acrid perspiration; bile for digestion, oil for the hair, nails for the fingers, muscle for the strong arm of toil, and flesh and fat to give shade, form and beauty to the face.
I think the previous section prepared me actually for this section. In the previous set action the author sounded like he was speaking gibberish. In this section the author or marbles at the ability of the body to turn one type of matter into another matter which is part of the human body or system. Today I look at this process as a function, a program if you will run by the programmed DNA of the human system and control by the major organs. In some ways my own interpretation is only slightly less obscure than the authors interpretation. The other marvels at something that is relatively new and highly misunderstood where is I take it for granted.
Neither one of our perspectives in that regard are more accurate than the other or may be a better way to say that is that we both have a perspective that equally valuable or valid. The author doesn’t actually offer up any interpretation as to how the systems work or how it performs any of these items that they discuss, instead the author chooses just to remark on the fact that the actions are interesting even amazing.
In many ways almost any system that we talk about today might have appeared equally as amazing to the author a hundred years ago. Some of those systems could be interpreted better back then than they could stay such as the workings of kitchen faucets possibly as opposed to the workings of a Turing machine or computer neither of which had been invented as of the writing of this book, but both of which had been speculated on for many years.
In many ways it’s these types of remarks it illustrates that the book is filled in large parts with what I might call science fiction or scientific interpretation or even a scientific editorial and not scientific fact.
